An Investigation of Potential 올림픽 토토 Flow from GM Brassica napus (GM B. napus) to its Relative Species in East-Asian Agricultural Ecosystem

2018-12-31lHit 2834

One of main concerns on GM crops is environmental risks such as 올림픽 토토 flow and weedy risk, resulting in negative impacts on ecosystem. Unfortunately, little effort has been made to assess environmental impacts and risks of GM crops as compared to research on GM crop development with emphasis on the benefits of GM crops. SNU CALS Professor Do-Soon Kim pointed out that we should understand both the benefits and risks of GM crops and consider their balance. Accordingly, his research group in the laboratory of crop physiology and weed science have been conducting studies to assess potential risks of 올림픽 토토 flow and reported their results in two papers recently published in a row in Science of the Total Environment. The National Institute of Ecology, which is affiliated with the Ministry of Environment, supported this study.

The studies evaluated the potential environmental risks of 올림픽 토토 flow in smallholder farming systems in Asia.In 올림픽 토토ral, many Asian countries, including China, Korea, and Japan, have smallholder farming systems with a co-existence of diverse crop species. Most of the farmers have small pieces of land with a landscale less than a half-hectare. Hence, a mosaic agricultural structure is quite common with diverse crops growing side-by-side. Therefore, this study considered Korea’s agricultural environment, where the probability of 올림픽 토토 mobility is high due to its mosaic structure (i.e. a structure in which various crops are planted in a small field).

The first study assessed the risks of 올림픽 토토 flow from glufosinate-ammonium resistant (GR)Brassicanapus toB. napus, B. juncea, andRaphanus sativus. Small-scale field conditions in Korea were simulated, and herbicide resistance and simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were used to identify the hybrids. The hybridization frequency ofB. napus x GR B. napus was 2.33% at a 2-meter distance and 0.007% at a 75-meter distance. ForB. juncea, it was 0.076% at 2 meters and 0.025% at 16 meters. No 올림픽 토토 flow was observed forR. sativus. According to the log-logistic model, a safe isolation distance for limiting 올림픽 토토 flow to less than 0.01% is 122.5 meters for GRB. napus and 23.7 meters forB. juncea. Long-distance 올림픽 토토 flow from GR B. napus toB. juncea was found to be unlikely, but there is a risk of 올림픽 토토 flow between adjacent small-scale fields. These results may be used to set safe isolation distances for preventing 올림픽 토토 flow when GRB. napus is released for cultivation.

The second study evaluated maximum potential 올림픽 토토 flow from GMB. napus to its male sterile relatives under open and wind pollination conditions as pollen-mediated 올림픽 토토flow (PMGF) fromB. napus to its wild relatives by wind and insects is a major ecological concern in agricultural ecosystems. The results showed that the maximum potential 올림픽 토토 flow from GMB. napus to MSB. napus ranged from 32.48 to 0.30% and from 14.69 to 0.26% at a 2- to 128-meter range under open pollination conditions and wind pollination conditions, respectively. As for MSB. juncea, the range was from 21.95 to 0.24% and from 6.16 to 0.16%, respectively. The measures of honeybee-mediated 올림픽 토토 flow decreased as the distance from HRB. napus increased: The range was from 17.78 to 0.03% at 2- to 128 meters for MSB. napus and from 15.33 to 0.08% for MSB. juncea. No 올림픽 토토 flow was observed from HRB. napus to MSR. sativus. These findings help to understand the relative contribution of bee and wind pollination to the 올림픽 토토 flow, and they are useful for measuring GM crops’ maximum potential 올림픽 토토 flow and for identifying its environmental risks.

In summary, this study suggests a technique to assess GMB. napus’올림픽 토토 flow in a small-scale agricultural environment, as is the case in Korea. Also, it compares wind- and bee-pollination contributions to the 올림픽 토토 flow and presents data that can be utilized when setting safe separation distances to prevent 올림픽 토토 flow. Professor Do-Soon Kim and his research team are currently performing follow-up research to assess the environmental impact of other crops, including beans.

[Figure 1] Paper 1: Prediction of 올림픽 토토 flow from GMB. napus to its relative species

[Figure 2] Paper 2: Evaluation of maximum potential 올림픽 토토 flow from GMB. napus to its MS relatives

《Professor Do-Soon Kim》

By Hyung-Chul Nam, Ji-Soo Lim
Student reporters, CALS