Divergent evolution of multiple virus-와이즈 토토 앱 genes from a progenitor in Capsicum spp.
2017-03-22lHit 2133
Plants have various defense mechanisms in their natural state in order to protect themselves from pathogens. Hypersensitive cell death is one of the strongest defense mechanisms of plants. Hypersensitive cell death prevents dissemination of pathogens by inducing local cell death at the invasion site after 와이즈 토토 앱 proteins inside plants detect the proteins secreted by pathogens. The research team led by professor Do-il Choi uses chili pepper as a material for their experiment. More than 30 million tons of chili pepper are produced worldwide each year, and it has the largest cultivation area and highest production quantity among condiment vegetables in Korea. The capsaicin contained in chili pepper is responsible for the spicy flavor, and it secretes endorphins, thereby providing the effect of stress relief. In addition, it is known to have a vitamin C content that is 10 times higher than that of tomatoes. Thus, it is one of the crucial horticultural products with increasing consumption in Korea as well as in other countries.
Professor Choi’s research team conducted a study on chili pepper genes that show 와이즈 토토 앱 against viruses. They isolated genes expressing 와이즈 토토 앱 proteins forPepper mottle virus(PepMoV) andTomato spotted wilt virus(TSWV) from different species of chili pepper:Capsicum annuumandCapsicum chinense.
Based on the fact that these two plant viruses cause disease in wild tobacco plants, the team generated transformed tobacco overexpressing the 와이즈 토토 앱 gene (Pvr4) of the isolated PepMoV (a gene of interest is inserted in the genome of tobacco plants and regulated to overexpress the gene). The transformed tobacco showed strong 와이즈 토토 앱 to PepMoV, which belongs to the Potyvirus genus. In addition, overexpression ofPvr4showed extensive 와이즈 토토 앱 not only against PepMoV but also against Pepper severe mosaic virus (PepSMV) and Potato virus Y (PVY), which bring economic loss in regard to potatoes.
In a similar manner, the team found that transformed tobacco plants overexpressingTswshowed 와이즈 토토 앱 against TSWV.Pvr4, a 와이즈 토토 앱 gene against PepMoV, andTsw, a 와이즈 토토 앱 gene against TSWV, are in alleles with identical loci on the same chromosome in different species, and the sequences of these two genes were similar in most parts. Amino acid sequence analysis revealed that such similarity came from the fact that these two proteins originated from the same ancestor after the differentiation of species of chili pepper.
These study results suggest thatPvr4andTswgenes will have important effects on the breeding of 와이즈 토토 앱 cultivars in not only chili peppers but also solanaceous plants, including potatoes and tomatoes. In other words, developing a plant overexpressingPvr4among crops without the reported 와이즈 토토 앱 to Potyvirus will yield virus-resistant crops.
These results were published in theNew Phytologistjournal in 2017. Professor Choi’s research team said that studies developing a sequence analysis program are needed in the future that allow easy discovery of critical genes and positional markers involved in the target traits of species with specific traits. We expect to see the development of new breeds with 와이즈 토토 앱 to various viruses in the future.
(a) The expression level ofPrv4, a 와이즈 토토 앱 gene against PepMoV, was shown by its mRNA expression. (b) Transformed tobacco plants #20, #27, and #50 overexpressingPrv4were infected with PepMoV-GFP, and the results show no detection of GFP fluorescence, which indicates 와이즈 토토 앱. The principle is that GFP fluorescence protein is fused into the PepMoV genome and the GFP fluorescence signal is detected when the plant is infected with the virus. (C) It shows the inhibition of viral replication in the upper leaf after the inoculation of the virus. (d) The expression level ofTswwas observed through its RNA expression. (e) Transformed tobacco plants #A, #E, and #F overexpressingTswwere infected with TSWV, and hypersensitive cell necrosis, one of the 와이즈 토토 앱 responses, was observed. (f) It shows the inhibition of viral replication in the upper leaf after the inoculation of the virus.
Student Reporter Seong, Ga-yeong / Park, Yu-bin
